Valentine’s of Dundee: Pioneering Innovation in Photolithography
Valentine’s of Dundee, a name that resonates with innovation and excellence in the realm of photography and printing, has a storied history marked by significant contributions to the field of photolithography. Founded in the mid-19th century, the company not only revolutionised postcard production but also left an indelible mark on the broader world of print and photography. Dundee's leading role in the development of this technology even saw the Walt Disney Company scouting for talent as photolithography was vital for the animation process.
Early Beginnings
Established in 1825 by James Valentine, Valentine’s of Dundee began as a modest photographic studio. Initially, the company focused on portrait photography, quickly earning a reputation for high-quality images. As photography technology advanced, so did Valentine’s ambitions, leading to the company’s pioneering efforts in photolithography.
"James Valentine began in business aged 17 as an engraver. He began to practice Daguerrotype photography, first as an amateur, as an aid to engraving. He was soon proficient and began to take views and portraits in c.1850. He went to Paris to train under M. Bulow, one of the most skilful photographers in that city. On his return to Dundee he set up a studio in the High Street. He received a commission from the Queen to photograph a set of 40 views of Highland scenery and in 1868 was appointed as the Royal Photographer.
James Valentine's sons were both early to develop skills in photography and by 1879 they were in great demand, having grown into one of the largest establishments in the country. In 1897 the government allowed correspondence to be written on the reverse of a postcard. This coincided with Valentine's success in collotype printing, a lithographic technique which mechanically reproduced images for printing as postcards. By the end of the century, Valentines had established the perfect method for cheap reproduction of postcards. They were also able to use their immense collection of topographical negatives to issue series after series of scenes from throughout Britain."
St Andrews University - Archive of Valentine's Photography
The Birth of Photolithography at Valentine’s
Photolithography, a process that uses photographic techniques to transfer images onto lithographic printing plates, was a ground-breaking advancement in the 19th century. Valentine’s of Dundee was at the forefront of this innovation, leveraging it to enhance the quality and efficiency of their printing processes.
Key Innovations and Contributions
Postcard Production: Valentine’s is perhaps best known for its production of postcards. By utilizing photolithography, the company was able to mass-produce high-quality, visually appealing postcards. These postcards featured scenes from around the world, capturing landscapes, cityscapes, and notable landmarks with remarkable clarity and detail. This innovation not only popularized postcards but also made them accessible to a wider audience.
Commercial Photography: Beyond postcards, Valentine’s applied photolithography to various commercial photography projects. The company produced calendars, greeting cards, and photographic prints, all benefiting from the enhanced precision and efficiency offered by photolithographic techniques.
Educational Materials: Valentine’s also used photolithography to create educational materials, including maps and illustrated books. These resources were widely used in schools and libraries, contributing to the spread of knowledge and information.
Technological Advancements
Valentine’s commitment to technological innovation extended beyond photolithography. The company continually invested in the latest photographic and printing technologies, ensuring they remained at the cutting edge of the industry. This forward-thinking approach allowed Valentine’s to maintain a competitive edge and sustain its growth over the decades.
Impact on Dundee and Beyond
Valentine’s of Dundee played a crucial role in establishing Dundee as a centre of innovation and excellence in the printing and photographic industries. The company’s success contributed to the local economy, providing employment opportunities and fostering a culture of creativity and technological advancement.
Legacy and Preservation
Today, the legacy of Valentine’s of Dundee is preserved through various collections and archives that celebrate the company’s contributions to photolithography and photography. Institutions such as the University of St Andrews and local museums house extensive collections of Valentine’s postcards and prints, ensuring that future generations can appreciate the company’s impact.
Valentine’s of Dundee stands as a testament to the power of innovation and the transformative potential of technology in the creative industries. Through its pioneering work in photolithography, the company not only revolutionized postcard production but also made significant contributions to commercial and educational photography. As we look back on the rich history of Valentine’s, we are reminded of Dundee’s role as a hub of technological and artistic innovation, inspiring future advancements in the world of print and photography.